The one exception, Mr. Dobbie and Mr. Fryer wrote, was borderline students: "Attending an exam school increases rigor of the marginal student's high school course work, and makes the marginal student more likely to graduate from high school with an advanced diploma".
To improve the quality of the preparation teachers get, we need stringent standards for entrance into teacher education, college classes geared to the real needs of schools, and increased rigor of certification exams in the content areas.
In this setting, determining when a young athlete is ready to return to a contact sport, or to school for the mental rigor of regular class work, becomes a highly nuanced, open-ended calculation.
On camera, the Harvard legal scholar Alan M. Dershowitz disputes the viability of the case, and the film's principal sequence — a Bugliosi address to the University of California, Los Angeles, law school — has a formal rigor that proves repetitious.
Mr. Nelson attended Brown, where he studied classics ("I liked Latin in high school because of the rigor of the language," he said) and kept classics as his major even after an exhilarating season of summer stock made him want to be an actor.
They depicted pets and loved ones and gave hints of the rigors of school life.
Instead, would it not make more sense to stay focused in school before facing the rigors of college academics?
Kwan is in college now, a freshman at U.C.L.A., and it has been a struggle to balance the rigors of school and skating.
Long derided as repositories for underachievers, as trade schools devoid of academic rigor, community colleges are recasting themselves as wise first choices for the serious student looking to sidestep crushing debt.
For Mr. Barrett, a 68-year-old retired financial executive, the opportunity to introduce high school students to the rigors and rewards of entrepreneurship is a privilege he takes very much to heart.
No country with a debt America's size, he points out, has ever remained dominant for long, and no country with schools as lacking in rigor as America's has much hope of dominating a global economy for long either.
