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That West Side neighborhood has changed a great deal — doorman high-rises and fancy restaurants dot what had been a seedy landscape — but for many children there, especially those who attend public school, exposure to theater and the arts remains practically nonexistent.
Potential adverse effects on children health may result from school exposure to airborne particles.
As is the case with academic outcomes, school exposure is related to unobserved determinants of weight outcomes because some families choose to have their child start school late (or early).
If one does not account for this endogeneity, it appears that an additional year of school exposure results in a greater BMI and a higher probability of being overweight or obese.
When we compare the weight outcomes of similar age children with one versus two years of school exposure due to regulations on school starting age, the significant positive effects disappear, and most point estimates become negative, but insignificant.
However, additional school exposure appears to improve weight outcomes of children for whom the transition to elementary school represents a more dramatic change in environment (those who spent less time in childcare prior to kindergarten).
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The validity of our survey results is supported by the consistency in exposures reported among children within each school and the consistency of the reported school exposures with measurements taken at each school.
As a secondary analysis, we also estimated exposure to air pollutants in the postal code of the child's school using the LUR, and then calculated a time-weighted exposure combining home and school exposures for the child.
Self-reported school exposures (exposure to traffic fumes, open burning, cooking smoke, gas vapor, or gas flaring at school) were not included in the model because they were significantly correlated with factored components and measured CO.
The Dallas Morning News reported that parents were concerned about books containing "anti-capitalist sentiment," which is, again, unsurprising: in the state-mandated curriculum for Texas public schools, exposure to what is called the free enterprise system begins in kindergarten.
For a second metric of in-school exposure, we conducted a four-page, 21-item pencil-and-paper style survey about environmental health conditions inside and surrounding the school buildings.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com