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He returned to Queen's to lecture in scholastic philosophy.
The radicals also criticized scholastic philosophy and the theology built upon it; therefore they repudiated much of classical theology and Christology.
But, most unusual for a layman, he also had an impressive command of the most recent scholastic philosophy and of theology.
Humanism was initiated by secular men of letters rather than by the scholar-clerics who had dominated medieval intellectual life and had developed the Scholastic philosophy.
Martin Luther's rebellion against Rome, on the other hand, involved a rebellion against Scholastic philosophy and its distorted Aristotelian structure, although not against Aristotle.
Philosophically, Hobbes was influenced by nominalist scholastic philosophy, which had discarded Thomist metaphysics and had accepted strict limitations on the powers of mind.
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Rather than reject scholastic school philosophy outright, as Thomasius had done, he modernized and systematised it (and philosophy as a whole).
Hence, although scholastic Aristotelian philosophy was dominant in his school years, it was not the only type of philosophy that he knew.
It is harshly dismissive of the "occult qualities, intentional species, substantial forms, and a thousand other trifles" (letter 60, to Boxel) of pre-revolutionary scholastic natural philosophy.
In other words, Descartes intends to replace the "mentally" influenced depiction of physical qualities in Scholastic natural philosophy with a theory that requires only the properties of extension to describe the manifest order of the natural world.
He believed that the doctrines of scholastic Aristotelian philosophy contained a basic error about the manner in which fundamental truths, such as the truths of metaphysics, are to be gained.
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