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Richard grasped that the key to China lay with the literati, the scholarly class that produced the empire's policy makers.
Codification signaled the death knell for the scholarly class, but it did not destroy the balance of powers on its own.
His views are stated in his important treatise Bayān wujūb al-hijra (November 1806) and elsewhere: the central bureaucracy should be limited to a loyal and honest vizier, judges, a chief of police, and a collector of taxes; and local administration should be in the hands of governors (emirs) selected from the scholarly class for their learning, piety, integrity, and sense of justice.
For the Manchus, who were a foreign, conquering dynasty, a major task on the road to effective rule in China was that of enlisting the help of the Chinese populace — in particular the elite scholarly class.
With such landmark works as the cult classic Re-Animator under his belt, Gordon's filmic oeuvre has always sought to blend a touch of scholarly class with the genre's gory grand guignol.
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He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class.
Due to China's enormous population growth and the body of its appointed scholar-officials being accepted in limited numbers (about 20,000 active officials during the Song period), the larger scholarly gentry class would now take over grassroots affairs on the vast local level.
Europe has always felt a little close, a little ordered, a little too scholarly and middle class in its superior refinements.
These founders knew quite well the significance and the challenge of their undertaking to help create and maintain a world class scholarly university library which would require substantial resources, in-kind donations of collections, and the wherewithal to acquire those items deemed necessary by the University.
In addition to scholarly topics in class, student curiosity can flourish through personal endeavors.
People use libraries not just to borrow books, but also to research and apply for jobs, use onsite computers, find wireless access, read newspapers and magazines, tap into expensive databases, access archives and scholarly resources, take classes, attend career and entrepreneurship seminars, get free entertainment, on and on.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com