"I think what you are seeing is the transition from a scheme of self-certification to one where I think the right and proper checks are being made," he said.
This article focuses on the later certification scheme discussion, i.e. the scope of certification schemes, highlighting especially social effects relevant to the consequences of increased production of biofuels and connected land use dynamics in Brazil.
A plethora of certification schemes has generated confusion among consumers and retailers, and capital-intensive certification schemes may be out-of-reach or impractical for some small-scale fisheries, particularly within the developing world.
Advocates of certification schemes argue that they would help stamp out widespread illegal logging in Brazil, Indonesia and Russia.
A multitude of certification schemes have also emerged over the years, aimed at making value chains more equitable, for producers in developing countries in particular.
The argument herein is centred on the application of certification schemes for the production of biofuels.
We discuss role of certification schemes in this context and provide recommendations for future research.
This in turn would often require a strengthening of planning systems, of legal instruments, the implementation of certification schemes or the refinement of existing subsidy systems [95].
The following section will give an overview on the Brazilian ethanol sector, current land use dynamics and the different perspectives on the scope of certification schemes concerning sustainability.
As the scale of certification schemes is based on production-chain-governance, indirect and macro effects concerning social sustainability in Brazil cannot be addressed by this instrument.
We argue that the credibility of certification schemes hinges on their ability to dictate scientifically defensible management systems for biodiversity conservation.
