Increases in the line speed and the number of ports will make this scheduling a bottleneck.
As a result, a large number of scheduling heuristics, e.g. NEH for flows shop scheduling [136], and shifting bottleneck [119] for job shop scheduling, are developed to search for "good enough" solutions within a reasonable computational times.
Practical production scheduling problems usually involve some "bottleneck" machines, the scheduling policies for which could significantly affect the final solution quality.
The work also revealed that single-point, counter-based dynamic task scheduling could be a bottleneck, and consequently employed a multicounter-based scheduling method, in which tasks are re-allocated from a heavy to a light workload group.
The essential idea of BBFFL is that scheduling jobs at the bottleneck stage may affect the performance of a heuristic for scheduling jobs in all the stages.
Other meta-algorithms have also been investigated such as beam search heuristics [93, 111], ensembles of heuristics [42], adaptive scheduling heuristics based on bottleneck machines [59], and NEH heuristics [136].
Whereas, StealthGS allow the preemptive transfers only when required to avoid the starvation, provides transparency by automating the transfer process, and implements decentralized global scheduling thus avoiding the bottleneck that incurs in centralized environment.
Using the new approach, the bottleneck-based heuristics develop two decision rules to iteratively schedule the jobs at the bottleneck stage, the upstream stages, and the downstream stages.
The report calls on the airlines to rework their schedules to avoid bottlenecks and urges the Port Authority and the airlines to improve communications with passengers about flight delays and get them off planes stuck on tarmacs.
When total parking supply in an urban downtown area is insufficient, morning commuters would choose their departure times not only to trade off bottleneck congestion and schedule delays, but also to secure a parking space.
Factory planning and scheduling topics include flow planning, bottleneck characterization, buffer and batch-size tactics, seasonal planning, and dynamic behavior of production systems.
