In many low and middle income countries (LMICs) there is a scarcity of infrastructure and personnel, which limits high-quality screening for early detection and prevention of CKD.
However, rural areas are faced with some unique challenges, including overall isolation and scarcity of infrastructure, challenging road conditions, relatively long distances, lack of public transport, and often high rates of poverty [ 14, 24].
In many developing countries, lack of incentives of medical providers, scarcity of infrastructure, and shortage of medical workers are major constrains of providing essential medical services to needy populations.
Again, there is a reasonable explanation for this: UN peacekeeping missions are basically small countries in their own right, and given the scarcity of existing infrastructure they have to build or bring everything themselves: power, accommodation, transport, food, communications, etc.
Let's not forgot how India leapfrogged the world in mobile usage, boasting the largest mobile-friendly population due to the sheer scarcity of landline infrastructure.
Water scarcity and lack of infrastructure in periurban areas require regular storage of water for household and potable use, and water containers favor A. aegypti mosquito reproduction.
Then you have scarcity of every kind – infrastructure, capital resources, water.
This might be attributed to a range of factors, including a lack of awareness; a scarcity of urban green infrastructure policies; a lack of examples to give urban designers confidence in the technology; and perhaps also a limited number of professionals capable of installing green infrastructure systems.
How to sustain rapid economic and urban growth with minimised detriment to environment is a key challenge for sustainable development and climate change mitigation in developing countries, which face constraints of technical and financial resources scarcity as well as dearth of infrastructure governance capacity.
Scarcity of skilled providers, poor infrastructure and substandard quality of care are some of the critical components of such health systems that constrain progress in maternal and newborn survival [ 17].
On reaching Freetown, capital of Sierra Leone, it is still invariably the squalor that the first-time visitor notices - the poverty, the scarcity of paved roads, the absence of infrastructure - all the unfortunate things that earn the country its place at the bottom of the UN's Human Development Index.
