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The obtained surfaces were investigated using scanning electric microscopy, energy dispersion spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electric microscopy.
The effects of MoO3 and Fe2O3 on the thermal stability of the residue chars were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electric microscopy (SEM).
The scanning electric microscopy (SEM) images were taken on a JEOL JEM-6700F microscope.
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Thick rubber films were examined by AFM, scanning electric potential and modulated force microscopy.
Scanning electronic microscopy.
The performances of the ZnO nanostructure in absence and presence of electric field have been determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The structure and properties of the SrTiO3/BaTiO3 thin multilayers have been evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Auger electron spectrometry (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron diffraction (ED) and polarization-electric field hysteresis loop.
These include transversal microradiography [ 48], polarized microscopy [ 49], microhardness testing [ 50, 51], electric caries monitoring [ 52], transversal wavelength-independent microradiography [ 53], optical coherence tomography [ 54], and scanning electron microscopy [ 55, 56].
Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy on organic biomolecules.
Scanning probe microscopies, such as scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were initially developed for imaging surfaces23.
(b) Image of the sample obtained with scanning electron microscopy.
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