These assays are convenient, rely on endpoint analysis, improve the options for construction of multiplex assays, and are suitable for SNP genotyping, mutation scanning, and detection of DNA duplication or deletions.
Finally, we illustrate the ability of Two-Temperature LATE-PCR endpoint genotyping to identify allele ratios similar to those that arise from chromosomal duplications, discuss the improved multiplex detection capacity of the assay, and consider several applications of these technologies for mutation scanning and detection of chromosome trisomy or DNA deletions.
These methods are promising because they can provide a capacity of rapid scan and detection of subsurface damage in spatial distribution.
Next, simple interval mapping (SIM) was carried out for an initial scan and detection of QTL with main effects.
To minimise information bias, data monitoring included an individual check of all data for each participant, including a check for transcription errors of the lifestyle questionnaire and ultrasound scan data; and detection of illogical or inconsistent data and outliers using customised software.
The combination of direct transverse neck scan at the cricothyroid membrane and detection of lung sliding on lung ultrasound correctly detected three cases of oesophageal intubation despite four cases of pneumohaemothoraces in 30 emergency department patients [71], and in patients with difficult laryngoscopy in the clinical emergency setting [72].
Regarding the course of disease, follow-up controls were performed with patient history, physical examination and laboratory tests including serum tumour markers CEA and CA 15-3, abdominal ultrasound, chest radiography, mammography and bone scan for detection of local or distant relapse.
Therefore, if the disease appears to be resectable at CT, patients may then undergo PET scanning for detection of occult distant metastases; suspicious lesions should be biopsied for confirmation of disease.
In a recent meta-analysis, PET scanning was superior to CT scanning in the detection of nodal metastatic disease, with sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 92% [ 27].
At three months of age, and yearly thereafter around the time of diagnosis, a series of procedures were performed including: BAL for detection of inflammation and infection; low dose CT scan for detection of structural abnormalities; and pulmonary function.
Investigations Computed tomography (CT) scanning for the detection of hydrocephalus and subarachnoid hemorrhage, grading of hydrocephalus by bicaudate index (Fig. 1), and estimation of Fisher grade (Fisher et al. 1980) on CT scan.
