An ultra-fast X-ray tomographic scanner is applied to study the hydrodynamics in a bubbling fluidized bed with and without vertical internals (e.g., heat exchanger tubes).
Specifically, 1H T1ρ-weighted MRI, which may be readily implemented on any MRI scanner, is applied as an indirect 17O imaging method to quantitatively monitor the distribution of metabolically produced 17O water (mpH217O) in the rat brain.
Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) was applied in the RL direction with an acceleration factor of 3. The images were reconstructed to 0.3-mm isotropic voxels, and the built-in phase correction and partial-echo filter of the scanner were applied during reconstruction.
If available, the time of flight option on the scanners was applied for acquisitions and in reconstruction.
During the baseline condition, subjects had to lie quietly in the scanner and no auditory stimulus was applied.
RNA was hybridized to Affymetrix's Mouse Expression Set 430 A; chips were scanned with the GeneChip Scanner 3000 and VSN normalization was applied to the gene expression data for normalization.
For the baseline recording (outside the scanner) a sampling rate of 250 Hz was applied, and for fMRI recording (inside the scanner) a sampling rate of 5000 Hz was applied.
TMS was applied outside the MRI scanner room.
We now refer to this issue in the Methods section: "TMS was applied outside the MRI scanner room.
A 128-s temporal high-pass filter was applied to remove low-frequency scanner artifacts.
