The first phase, was conducted outside the scanner and subjects made choices between a sure win and lotteries providing ex-ante probabilities of winning a comparatively higher payoff, as shown in Figure 1.
During the word classification, or 'encoding', part of the task single words were presented in the scanner and subjects were asked to classify them as 'living' or 'non-living' by pressing a button.
Live animals were scanned on the in vivo scanner looking for the development of PDB-like lesions as previously described (Daroszewska et al., 2011), and those showing evidence of lesions were further analyzed on the ex vivo scanner and then subjected to histological analysis as described below.
(2011a) on 857 subjects (436 subjects with mean age 56.6 ± 9.8 years on one scanner and 421 subjects with mean age 55.6 ± 9.9 years on another), while Thiebaut de Schotten et al.
In a refreshing merge of tech and no-tech, the making-of video shows the crew physically breaking up the image, by placing various objects in-between the scanner and the subject.
For each subject, we removed the first 10 volume images from the RS-fMRI data for scanner stabilization and subject adaptation to the environment, which left 140 volumes for further analysis.
For example, if the loud 2-kHz stimulus needed to be attenuated by 40 dB to reach a subject's threshold for that stimulus as determined inside the scanner and if that subject's standard audiometric threshold at 2 kHz was 5 dB HL, then the loud 2-kHz stimulus was inferred to have been presented at 45 dB HL, and the corresponding soft stimulus at 25 dB HL.
Stimuli were back-projected onto a screen at the head of the scanner and viewed by subjects via a mirror mounted on the head coil.
Subjects' heads were fixed rather tightly within the scanner head coil, and subjects had been instructed and trained to not move their heads during scanning.
Stimuli were presented on a personal computer using E-Prime (version 1.0; Psychology Software Tools, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) and projected onto an opaque screen at the foot of the scanner bore, which subjects viewed using angled mirrors.
