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The microscope images in a raster-scanning pattern with a ±6 degrees (mechanical) scan angle at ~3 kHz in the X-axis (fast) and up to 10 Hz (0 400 μm) in the Z-axis (slow).
But underestimation of Pgap from LiDAR amplifies at large off-nadir scan angle.
The corresponding vertical error is quadratic with respect to the scan angle.
For a total scan of 51,200 steps, a scan angle of about 23.3° is acheived.
Statistical results demonstrate that the scan angle impact is more severe for plots with discontinuous or sparse canopies.
High frequency scanning of 55.01 kHz with an optical scan angle of 5.2° is achievable even when operated in air.
The fitted line to the experimental results shows that scan angle changes linearly with the scan length.
A polynomial interpolation of the square root of the backscattered signal energy versus scan angle is first plotted.
First, it is suggested that large off-nadir scan angle of airborne LiDAR should be avoided to ensure a more accurate Pgap and LAI estimation.
Resulting vertical lidar error, being a linear function of the scan angle, is similar to that produced by a roll bias.
Depending on the availability of MODIS scan angle information, we offer rigorous and simplified calculations to account for the bow-tie effect.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com