This estimation can be used for systems of different lengths and of flow velocities, because residence times scale with length and flow velocity.
We have shown here that in passive extraocular muscles the two basic assumptions of the QLV theory do not hold: relaxation response after a step does not scale with length (i.e., it is not separable), and two successive elongations interact, so that the superposition principle does not hold.
Suction based forces scale with the area of the contact, while adhesion of patterned surfaces due to van der Waals forces was theoretically and experimentally shown to scale with length.
We base the size dependence of mortality on observations in marine systems showing that mortality scales with length as with an allometric exponent of about d2 = 0.75 (Peterson and Wroblewski 1984; Brown et al. 2004).
However, these lab-scale electrochemical performance results will not scale linearly with length.
'Measured': deduced directly from experiment, 'constrained': limited by nodal cdr2p density scaling with cell length, 'not important': plays no role in nodal cdr2p density scaling.
For large radii the RR-based detector scales inversely with length due to the high Q.
The intensity ratio of the disorder-induced Raman D-band to the G′-band scales inversely with length, consistent with predominately end cap defect sites.
We should add that empirical evidence suggests that animals "distort" their morphology to accommodate the observed conservation in basic musculoskeletal properties (i.e. these properties do not scale isometrically with length (size)) (Bullimore and Burn, 2004).
Across all measured snails, the cube root of volume linearly scaled with total length as: volume1/3 = (0.326) × (length) + 0.497 (ordinary least squares regression: R2 = 0.889, P < 0.00005, n = 1918).
We also found that the distribution of ML estimates from the model scaled with the length of the duration being estimated, thus matching the scalar law of biological timing [ 6, 14] a property that has often proved challenging to model.
