Different specimens were prepared which contained units with micro and nano scale grains.
First the representation of the materials with random distribution of multi-scale grains is described.
When the annealing time was increased from 5 to 30 min, the roughness and grain sizes were apparently increased and only nano-scale grains were observed.
At 20%~40% (volume fraction) of N,N-dimethylformamide mixed with DMSO, micrometer scale grains and reduced grain boundaries were observed on the highly uniform perovskite thin films.
In this paper, the multi-scale analysis (MSA) method for the mechanics parameter computation of composite materials with random distribution of multi-scale grains is presented.
The failure interfaces exhibited, on the TBC side, alumina scale grains (decorated with Ta-rich oxide particles) and, on the exposed bare metal surface of the blade, imprints from the scale grains (with alumina islands and streamers).
The number of passes needed to obtain the ultra-fine to nano-scale grains in bulk materials can be significantly reduced.
The results of these tests indicate that due to the rapid solidification condition in the water, nano scale grains have a high microhardness between 1300 and 1000 HV.
We approximate that the mass distribution function of the dust is the delta function because it is necessary for the dust grains to collide with similar scale grains so that the grains gain the angular momentum.
Also, nano-scale grains and high volume fraction of grain boundaries in HA nanomaterial can increase adhesion of osteoblasts, cell proliferation, and mineralization of these composites (Zhang and Kwok 2011).
However, grains can still grow abnormally into the nugget zone with a planar front and this leads to very large, mm-scale, grains being formed.
