Theoretical issues aside, empirical evidence shows that dissemination or "scale up" approaches have a dubious record in achieving widespread, sustained change in education (Austin 2011; Fairweather 2008; Kezar 2011).
The stringent conditions necessary to produce the star polymers made commercializing them difficult, so he developed an easier-to-scale-up approach for industry.
Lastly, the design parameters for a large-scale column were calculated via the scale-up approach using the breakthrough parameters obtained from lab-scale column tests.
However, information sources tailored to larger audiences do not provide a good platform to exchange personalized how-to knowledge with faculty who want to use the SCALE-UP approach in their unique settings.
As the scale-up approach does not escape from the tradeoff between functionality and performance, architectural improvements such as clustering become necessary in the design of future Internet gateways.
A low-cost and easy to scale-up approach has been developed for the preparation of nickel-copper oxide nanowires (Ni-CuO NWs) with hierarchical structures comprising porous NiO substrate and CuO nanowires.
This study describes the scale-up approach for the upstream process and the resulting bioreactor design and operation strategy leading towards a feasible solution for bulk production of a vaccine against meningococcal disease.
Simulations reveal that vertical temperature and humidity gradients increase significantly with increasing scale and that in fluid beds as the simulated 900 kg (RICA-TEC Anhydro) production-scale, the gradients become too large to use the simple combined drying force/relative droplet size scale-up approach without also increasing the inlet fluidisation air temperature significantly.
Since the construction and operation of test facilities require significant resources, it is essential to effectively utilize these research tools by choosing a scale-up approach which provides robust design data for a commercial process while minimizing the amount of experimentation required.
This is particularly likely for the production of autologous cell therapies and patient-specific hPSC-derived cells for personalised medicine drug screening that necessitate a scale-out, rather than a scale-up approach to bioprocess design [ 43].
