Table 5 shows the results for a six-item version (for each stage) which maximized the scales' sensitivities while retaining high alpha-reliabilities and holding scale bias to a minimum.
Finally, to take into account each particular item calibration in the final Stoma-QOL scores, raw scores were transformed through Rasch modelling into a new score scale set to a minimum of 0 (Worst Quality of Life) and a maximum of 100 (Best Quality of Life) points.
In both cases, the epitope density is scaled to have a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00631.035 10.7554/eLiFigure31.036 Figure 8 figure supplement 2. The three epistatically constrained mutations are at sites significantly enriched in CTL epitopes as predicted by a computational epitope prediction program NetCTLpan1.1.
This value was scaled to a value with a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 1 using the constants in Section 2, and the scaled output value was designated as the 'Me value'.
Mean scores were calculated for each scale (reversed item scores were corrected before mean scale score calculation; for each scale valid responses were required to a minimum of 80%% of items to calculate a mean score).
To assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, we used the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D, minimum = 0; max = 52) [ 19] and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A, minimum = 0; max = 56)[ 20].
These were subsequently transformed according to varying arbitrary rules to a scale with a minimum of −1 [ 12, 13].
He scaled down his lifestyle to a minimum -- taking buses and subways, cooking his own meals, living in tiny, threadbare Beijing apartments -- all the while rejected for grant money because of his lack of an academic research pedigree.
Religious investor groups are regarded as useful knowledge development and sharing platforms and as a power factor that leads to a minimum scale needed to influence impact of investments.
At a time when older films have virtually disappeared from cable television — with the eternal, glorious exception of Turner Classic Movies — and the major studios, Fox very much included, have cut their full-scale releases of library titles to a minimum, any time a pre-2000 title makes it out of the vault is a cause for rejoicing.
