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To wit (with all apologies to the author, who will remain unidentified): ANALYSIS: a territorial and social fragmentation, a typical "no-man's land" undergoing the urban exodus, the settlement of the old and inactive persons, the absence of public place in the body scale substituted by the car.
"Pandora's Promise" is a provocative and important new documentary making the case for nuclear power as a safe and large-scale substitute for fossil fuels.
That's for me to decide and while heaven knows I hope I make good decisions there, I'm smart enough to know that no app with a fancy-schmancy rating scale will substitute for aware parenting.
Study 2 built on these results and refined the scale by substituting pictures from Study 1 with freely available images displaying similar content.
The first was the use of the CGI-SCH as a scale that substituted for the evaluation made by the patients' psychiatrists.
Personality testing was performed with a computerized form of the TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory) [ 42] as translated by Kožený and Tisanská [ 43], with translation of two questions being modified and Cloninger's validation scale being substituted with Eysenck's Lie scale EP/R.
Missing values on the psychometric scales were substituted with the mean of each case if the number of missing items was ≤ 20% (for the Mini-IPIP scales, maximum one out of four items); otherwise, they were excluded from the analyses.
It should be just an example to illustrate the capacity of the test and certainly not a suggestion to use the scale as a substitute for the rather complex medical judgement of the treating physician in a clinical setting.
In modern warfare, mortars up to 81 mm can be carried by infantry and used as a small-scale short-range substitute for artillery.
A missing scale score was substituted if over half of the items in each scale were missing.
Currently, folic acid fortification is not mandatory in the Netherlands, and it is only applied on small scale in bread substitutes.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com