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However, rate and scale of spread depends largely on dispersal dynamics and interplay with factors such as fitness costs, spatially variable selection pressure and whether resistance alleles are spreading through an established population or being carried by populations colonizing new territory.
The speed and scale of spread of this complex interdisciplinary inpatient care program are noteworthy, given the well-documented difficulty of disseminating successful practices throughout large, complex organizations [ 19].
At the smaller scale of spread of within a few kilometers, which the coarsely resolved available data cannot resolve, other processes may have become important, including physical transport of virus by currents (associated with waste products [ 5, 27 ]), escaped or wild fish (31 ), or vectors (such as sea lice) (32 ) moving between neighboring farms.
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Nevertheless, the time-scale of spreading was very slow and resulted in typical tauopathy with aggregates and tangles, while neuro-degeneration was minimal or absent [44].
They have described the scale of its spread as "unprecedented" and warned that the disease could evolve to spread from person to person, and not just from birds to people.
Observation of the emergence and rapid spread and diversification of RSV group B genotype BA (containing a 60-nt duplication) has improved our understanding of the scale of RSV spread and transmission in the world (29 ).
The emergence and spread of these new genotypes, which can be readily tracked by G gene sequencing, provide an opportunity to re-examine 1) the interconnectedness of RSV epidemics at various levels (e.g., global, country, and community levels), 2) the spatial temporal scale of the spread of variants, and 3) the pace and nature of associated genetic changes.
This allows traffickers economies of scale to spread out the, say, $500,000 fee pilots of small aircraft or go-fast boats often charge.
Our results indicate that the broad-scale pattern of spread of HPAI H5N1 virus from Russia to the Black Sea basin is consistent with the spatial and temporal pattern of Anatidae migration from Siberia.
More importantly, we investigate the effects of the variable diffusion rate and the intrinsic growth rate on the scale of information spreading in networks.
Growth is the very short time scale of any spreading flow.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com