Interestingly, duplicate gene longevity is positively correlated with the scale of gene duplication – duplicate genes derived from whole genome duplication (WGD) typically persist for a longer period and evade pseudogenization at a higher frequency than those generated by segmental duplication [ 2- 5].
The largest scale of gene duplication is whole-genome duplication (WGD), which doubles the entire genome.
In addition, all chromosomes of Tetraodon nigroviridis were assigned to syntenic groups of duplicated genes, demonstrating the genomic scale of the duplication.
It is possible that highly saturated synonymous substitutions rates (d S > 2) could lead to incorrect inferences of the scale of the duplication event (Vanneste et al. 2013), but we restricted our paralog pairs to those with less saturation (d S < 2).
Although some duplication as a means to build genomic diversity seems to occur in this clade, it is of much more limited scope, and the scale of gene duplication seen in the centipede should therefore not necessarily be expected in other members of the Myriapoda.
Since the election, merger advocates have redoubled their arguments, saying that mergers will lower taxes through economies of scale and elimination of duplication and excessive local government.
It says: "With workforce in local government being the biggest asset in cost and resources, a reduction stemming from larger scale and the removal of duplication could see large savings.
We hope to use the available evidence on the application of text messaging in HIV and other chronic diseases to develop a framework for extension where the most appropriate kinds of interventions can be tested or taken to scale and duplication of efforts avoided.
To simplify discussion we define the following: a prox duplication is one such that the site of insertion of the duplicated segment is proximal (relative to chromosome-scale) to the site of duplication; a dist duplication, necessarily trans-CIR, is one such that the site of insertion is distal to the site of the duplication (Fig. 10).
The presence of a large scale duplication of loci on chromosome A10 was also observed in this B. napus parent (see [ 25]).
