The scale of disclosures made possible by digital media, the government's vast surveillance apparatus and the rise of unorthodox publishers like WikiLeaks have unsettled time-honored understandings of the role of mass media in American democracy.
The choice of a comply-or-explain model still leaves open a range of policy choices with regard to the appropriate scale and scope of disclosure, and I conclude by suggesting specific elements that could be incorporated in new ESG disclosure standards on a comply-or-explain basis.
This trend will continue into 2019 as the frequency and scale of breach disclosures increases due to the General Data Protection Regulation, which went into effect last May, and newly emboldened European regulators.
Manning's sentence vastly outweighs any previous sentence given to a US leaker, although the nature and scale of Manning's disclosures was unprecedented.
But the impact and scale of the latest disclosures by WikiLeaks, a secretive and autocratic outfit that campaigns for openness, are on a new level.
Mr. Aftergood said the problems had resulted from the unprecedented scale of the WikiLeaks disclosures, which the rules did not anticipate.
Morrow called on the judge to consider the sentence as a preventative measure, to discourage another leak on the scale of Manning's disclosures to WikiLeaks, which amounted in total to more than 700,000 classified documents.
Manning's sentence vastly outweighs any previous sentence given to a US leaker who has passed information to a journalistic outlet, although the nature and scale of Manning's disclosures was unprecedented.
This is because, as pediatric HIV scale-up continues, the low rates of disclosure may undermine the gains being scored in scaling-up access in resource-limited settings such as Zambia.
For example, in 2018 the Commission expanded the definition of "smaller reporting company". The amended definition will allow nearly 1,000 additional companies to take advantage of scaled disclosure requirements, reflecting the principle that a one-size regulatory structure does not fit all public companies.
