While there are many possible disease models we might consider, these represent extreme ends on the scale of deviations that we would generally expect to observe in real studies.
Moreover, the scale of depth deviation of the paint versus this in-plane size is very small, as the depth deviation is rarely more than 1 cm.
In the hours after Mr. Trump's statement, foreign policy and legal analysts struggled to articulate the scale of his deviation from political norms.
The causal effects estimated with the three SEM and their transformations to the scale of standard deviation units for both traits are in Table 3.
For ease of comparison, all values are shown on the scale of standard deviations of the transformed phenotype (transformations listed in Table 2).
Simple error models imply that in epidemiological analyses, purely random reporting errors in exposure data cause attenuation of disease-exposure estimates, according to the ratio of the standard deviation of the errors to the standard deviation of the true values [ 33, 34], so we interpreted the limits of agreement on the scale of the standard deviations of the NSHD values.
The biases of the estimates are negligible, compared with the scale of the standard deviations.
Because VB was estimated on the scale of phenotypic standard deviations (data were variance standardized before analysis), here VM = HM, which is the mutational heritability.
The average daily pain level for women with fibromyalgia was 6.1 on a 10-point scale (standard deviation of 2.4), a score that indicates moderately-high disease severity.
NSD was scored on a scale of 0 2: 0, normal; 1, slight deviation; 2, severe deviation.
