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Regardless of the scale of cell area and compliance current, the same on/off resistance ratio is kept in both devices.
Routine tissue culture methodologies can hardly cope with the scale of cell production required for the manufacture of engineered cartilage tissue products.
Using the Multi-Scale Multi-Domain (MSMD) model framework, the wound potential-pair continuum (WPPC) model is developed as a cell domain submodel to solve heat and electron transfer across the length scale of cell dimension.
The time scale of these tests corresponds well to both the time scales of cellular behaviors such as protrusion and contraction that drive morphogenesis at longer time scales in Xenopus [40], [41], [42], as well as the time scale of cell divisions which deform surrounding non-dividing cells [43].
Thus, these other processes come to a steady state on the time scale of cell division and only a very small fraction of cells we measure will deviate from this steady state due to partitioning at cell division.
The second one is the time scale of cell division (long time scale > 10 h, typically for mammalian cells during homeostasis) characterized by the replication rate R. On short time scales the stochastic histone (de-) modification dynamics drives the system toward a quasi steady state.
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In addition, the minute scale of cells can be inherently matched with microfluidic size making it relevance for cellular studies.
At the length scale of cells and cell organelles, thermal fluctuations of the aqueous environment become significant.
These scaffolds not only provide the appropriate microenvironment for the residing cells but also act as medium for the transmission of the mechanical stimuli, essential for the tissue regeneration, from macroscopic scale of the scaffolds to the microscopic scale of cells.
While active transport in cells has its main role in the exchange between compartments, intracompartment mobility on the typical length scale of cells (some 10 µm) is mainly governed by Brownian motion [1].
These parameters include characteristic time scales of cell warm-up, ionomer hydration in the catalyst layer, ice build-up and melting, as well as the ratios of the time constants.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com