Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using transplastomic tobacco leaf extracts to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into reducing sugars, fulfilling a major prerequisite of large scale availability of a variety of cell-wall degrading enzymes for biofuel industry.
However, indirectly there is increased domestic productivity, economies of scale of domestic companies, availability of technological goods and imitation and employment (Blalock and Gertler 2008).
of comprehensive, standardized land evaluation tools is challenged by constraints of scale, data availability, validity, and mathematical translation and combination of diagnostic indicators.
Plant systems have many advantages including the low cost of growing plants on a large scale, the availability of natural protein storage organs, and the established practices for their efficient harvesting, transporting, storing, and processing [ 14].
Applied public health research may face an uncertain future until we are clear about the level and type of evidence that is sufficient to inform NICE guidelines and justify the provision of health services, and we have the scale and availability of research funding to meet these requirements.
Economy of scale and the availability of streamlined data processing pipelines have driven the majority of studies' estimates of taxonomic and phylogenetic content from 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and inferences of functional content from reference genomes of corresponding or related taxa.
Furthermore, on a macro scale, the availability of regionally comparable publicly-accessible datasets would allow for the exploration of regional variations and benchmarking studies.
The Community and Personal Support variable is a composite measure of five scales: perceived availability of social support [ 31], social networks [ 32], sense of community [ 33], community participation [ 34], and sense of place, which assesses connection with the local environment and landscape [ 35].
At the global scale, the availability of biodiversity maps is increasing, but analogous maps for economic factors that affect biodiversity conservation are rare, and no study has examined global conservation planning at high resolution using both biodiversity and cost information.
Following previously utilized methods [ 29], we created a competency gap score by subtracting the Likert scale rated availability of each EBDM competency from rated importance.
On a local scale, the availability of water, as well as socioeconomic and political factors, are likely to modify this general, landscape-level pattern.
