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Objective: To estimate the scale and determinants of informal payments in the health sector of Bulgaria and to identify who benefits, the characteristics and timing of payments, and the reasons for paying.
To explore the scale and determinants of out-of-pocket expenditures of users of primary care services as well as time-trends, data collected through four cross sectional surveys in the period 2005 to 2011 were (re)analysed.
Household surveys were conducted in 2005, 2007, 2008 and 2011 to explore the scale and determinants of OPE of users in four district of Tajikistan, where health care is legally free of charge at the primary level.
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EFA results show that scales measuring customer satisfaction and determinants of service quality did obtain convergent validity.
Thus, the present findings might stimulate further explorations on the prevalence and determinants of FGM on a wider scale.
Drawing on a large-scale residential satisfaction survey conducted in Beijing in 2013, we examine the fine-grained spatial distribution and determinants of residents' life satisfaction.
Action is required to address the risk factors and determinants of the disease.
At a landscape scale, primary determinants of lake-water phosphorus concentration are geological setting and soil type (e.g. [17]), lake and catchment morphometry (e.g. [18]), point source pollution (e.g. [19]), and predominant catchment land use, which influences non-point pollution (e.g. [20]).
Our results point towards topographic niche breadth at the smaller scales and stem height, possibly reflecting species' dispersal potential, at the continental scale as important determinants of commonness.
Furthermore, data from the national STI surveillance system were analysed to explore case-finding among notified clients on national scale and to identify determinants of being notified.
On a broad scale, determinants of health include both individual and contextual factors [ 10].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com