Thus a particular human being is able to learn, say, in virtue of the form which is its rational soul.
On the other hand, suppose that the status of experts is substantively grounded, so that to be an expert is to possess some ability lacked by non-experts (taste, say) in virtue of the possession of which they are able to discern historical connections between established artworks and candidate artworks.
Citizens are equal, Rawls says, in virtue of having the capacities to participate in social cooperation over a complete life.
(Schleiermacher actually only says in virtue of "something universal," "a representation," but a dependence on language seems clearly implied).
Among conversational implicatures, Grice distinguished between 'particularized' and 'generalized.' The former are the implicatures that are generated by saying something in virtue of some particular features of the context, "cases in which there is no room for the idea that an implicature of this sort is normally carried by saying that p".
Wright, in particular, suggests that in certain domains of discourse what we say is true in virtue of a correspondence-like relation, while in others it is its true in virtue of a kind of assertibility relation that is closer in spirit to the anti-realist views we have just discussed.
The value attributed to the painting is one that it is said to have in virtue of its relation to something else that would supposedly be intrinsically good if it occurred, namely, the appreciation of its beauty).
Instead, we should say that it is in virtue of the fact that "X" picks up on something like, say, predator of such and such characteristics that the "X" alarm system increases the chance of a rabbit's survival.
Leibniz, Kant, and others focused on examples in which a person is said to deserve happiness in virtue of having been morally excellent.
To say that something is done by right in Spinoza's sense is just to say that there is nothing in virtue of which that action can be judged impermissible.
Furthermore, if per impossible diachronic changes could be logical implications in virtue of, say, instantiating some law of nature, then any law-governed causation would be transitive.
