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Globally, official statistics estimate that 2.5 billion people lack access to 'improved sanitation' (1).
During the past century, developments in public health sanitation (1 ), infrastructure engineering (2 ), vaccines (3 ), and antimicrobial drugs have contributed substantially to the control of infectious diseases, markedly decreasing associated illness and death.
Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, is a systemic bacterial illness that has been rare in the United States in the era of modern sanitation (1, 2 ).
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7 addresses environmental sustainability, with a target (target 10) to 'halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation' (1).
Cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae) remains a major global public health challenge especially in situations where the spread of disease is exacerbated by poor water supply, hygiene, and sanitation (1).
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by infection with Schistosoma spp. trematodes and a public health problem worldwide, mainly in areas without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation (1, 2 ).
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And on sanitation, 2.4 billion people in developing countries still lack access to improved sanitation facilities.
The Overseas Development Institute estimates that achieving universal access to water and sanitation (SDG6) will cost an additional $26.8bn annually, and eliminating hunger by 2025 (SDG2) an additional $50.2bn (pdf).
I'm concerned that in Ghana, where 86% of the population are without access to sanitation, 9.5% of child deaths are due to diarrhoea (second only to malaria).
Ascaris lumbricoides is an intestinal parasite common in many low-income countries, associated with poor sanitation [1].
According to the World Health Organization, 1.1 billion people lack access to improved drinking water and 2.6 billion have no access to proper sanitation [1].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com