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Children tend to be more active in the infected environment and rarely employ good sanitary behaviour [ 7].
It further demonstrates that brood removal originally described for honeybees as "hygienic behaviour"–is a widespread sanitary behaviour in ants, which likely has important implications on disease dynamics in social insect colonies.
Similar(58)
We found that the presence of a pupal cocoon affects sanitary behaviours and fungal infection in ants.
It also suggests a concentration of nutritional and sanitary behaviours harmful to the good health and longevity of children (3).
The village is among 16 'model villages' in the district that have implemented a community-led sanitation approach for improved hygiene and sanitary behaviours with UNICEF's support.
Our study suggests that the pupal cocoon has a protective effect against fungal infection, causing an adaptive change in sanitary behaviours by the ants.
In this study, we test the hypothesis that the presence of a pupal cocoon may affect sanitary behaviours and fungal infection in ants.
This social immunity complements individual immune defences of all group members and comprises sanitary behaviours, use of antimicrobials and modification of interaction frequencies (e.g. [ 3- 5]).
This may result from both hygiene including sanitary behaviours [ 5, 45] and use of exocrine gland-derived antiseptics [ 3, 9, 39] and a lower susceptibility due to a melanised and sclerotised cuticle [ 46].
Where coverage is very low this type of approach shows great promise as a first step to bring people into the sanitation ladder, but due to a lack of fol-low-up resources and the limited existence of sanitation market chain in most countries, it has been frequently observed that sanitary infrastructure quality and hygiene behaviours tend to weaken over time.
Observations revealed healthy toilet behaviour and other hygiene and sanitary-related practices such as washing hands after using the toilet/latrine and personal cleanliness, among others.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com