In 2010, Barclays paid $298 million in fines related to sanctions breaches, including transactions connected with Iran, Cuba and Sudan.
It was fined £325m for rigging Libor and £62m for sanctions breaches.
For the oil analysts, Schlumberger's sanctions breaches are a thing of the past, an embarrassing moment best forgotten.
Since then, the bank has had further run-ins with regulators, including being forced to retract comments by chairman Sir Jon Peace in March 2013 after he described the sanctions breaches as "clerical errors".
Lynch said in a letter to the Republican chairman of the Senate judiciary committee, Chuck Grassley, that the deal she reached with HSBC in 2012 "does not provide [the bank] any protection against prosecution for conduct" outside of the terms of that settlement, which was specifically about money-laundering and sanctions breaches.
ZTE has already paid almost $1.2 billion in fines for violating U.S. trade agreements but the Commerce Department then alleged ZTE had misled regulators and failed to discipline the employees responsible for the sanction breach — leading to the ban.
For several years Standard Chartered, a bank which had pulled through the financial crisis with a remarkably squeaky clean reputation, had been telling shareholders in its annual reports that it was "in discussions" with American regulators about "historic" sanction breaches.
But HSBC and Standard Chartered largely escaped the scrutiny of politicians - although George Osborne appeared to try to help out Standard Chartered when he contacted his US counterpart to ensure the bank was treated fairly by all the US regulators investigating alleged sanction breaches with Iran.
Imposing unilateral sanctions would breach world trade rules and undermine the WTO.
The OFT says it shares these concerns, saying that the "blanket use of academic sanctions" could breach consumer-protection law, and it has told universities to reconsider their terms and practices.
Sanctions for breach of this Code or of other legal or ethical obligations must be clear.
