But last week the EU's leaders took the first step towards invoking sanctions under Article 7, the most serious of which would be to deprive Poland of a vote.
Rumors should be sanctioned under the law.
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Of 37 athletes sanctioned under the IAAF's biological passport programme since 2009, 23 are Russian.
The idea for such an article had been pushed by two paragons of western European democracy – Italy and Austria – in the runup to enlargement, clearly out of fear of what those uncouth eastern Europeans might do (the irony being that sanctions – though not under article 7 – were first applied against Austria, when the far-right Freedom party joined the government in 2000).
America, which drafted the text, replaced the explicit reference to sanctions with a threat of action under article 41 of the UN charter which lists a wide range of economic and diplomatic embargoes that might be imposed.Sudan's authoritarian regime continues to deny arming and backing the janjaweed, though there is plenty of reliable evidence that it is doing so.
The three claimed any investigation into their expenses claims and the imposition of any sanctions "should lie within the hands of parliament" under article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1689 and the "exclusive jurisdiction" of parliament.
A Usada statement read: "Mr Odesnik's commission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation under Article 2.1 of the Programme was confirmed, which was his second such violation, having been sanctioned in 2010 for the possession of human growth hormone.
If either side fails to abide by the terms, then "additional measures" under Article 41 of the UN Charter - which allows for non-military sanctions - will be considered, the resolution says.
The Federation of International Lacrosse also sanctions the Under-19 World Lacrosse Championships.
