The first and obvious sanction in case of scientific misconduct, including plagiarism, is that the paper in question is not accepted by the journal or online publication.
However, like the Directive Principles, these are non-justifiable, without any legal sanction in case of their violation or non-compliance.
This institution is also the sanctioning authority in case of non-compliance to the rules.
In response to that sanctions threat, the speaker of Russia's upper house of parliament, Valentina Matvienko, said: "Only the United Nations is authorised to impose sanctions in case of grave rights violations.
So far, the essence of the EU's working has been one of commonly agreed – depoliticised, if you like – rules, voluntary rule-following, and sanctions in case of rule-breaking.
"If Google Inc does not comply with the formal notice within the fifteen days the President will be in position to nominate a Rapporteur to draft a report recommending to the CNIL Select Committee (the Committee in charge of imposing sanctions in case of violation of the French data protection law) to impose a sanction to the company," the CNIL said today.
Yet, this category is wide and comprises not only referrals but also many different actions, such as job search courses, job clubs, vocational guidance, counseling and monitoring, and sanctions in case of non-compliance with job search requirements.
Third, and a more general point the equal-pay principle has to be vigorously enforced through monitoring by unions and labor inspectors as well as through severe sanctions in case of non-compliance; otherwise, employers can cancel out the insecurity bonus by lowering temporary workers' wages, a practice that already seems to be widespread.
Such a body would enforce sanctions in case of donors' misbehaviour.
The literature provides two possible explanations for this finding: (i) the high standardization of the notification procedure may lead to a low-quality match and (ii) the notification procedure is not compulsory, so that the positive "threat" effect of a sanction, present in case of non-compliance in a mandatory scheme, is lacking.
Does Moscow really think that sticking its neck out pre-emptively to forestall any potential future sanctions vote in case of an uprising in Belarus is worth earning the hatred and contempt of the youth of the Muslim world?
