Criminal laws drafted in the traditional style of rule and sanction, designed to restrict dissemination of objectionable material, have been derided by cyberlibertarians as misguided and, in any case, hopelessly ineffective.
Therefore, any exemptions to sanctions regimes that apply evenly across the European Union must be included in the original sanctions design.
Keatinge et al., "Transatlantic (Mis)alignment: Challenges to US-EU Sanctions Design and Implementation" (occasional paper, Royal United Services Institute, July 2017), 5.
These contrasts carry important consequences for the ability of the European Union to be fully aligned with the United States when it comes to technical sanctions design and implementation.
European Parliament, "Economic Impact on the EU of Sanctions over Ukraine Conflict," Briefing, October 2015, 3. Keatinge et al., "Transatlantic (Mis)alignment: Challenges to US-EU Sanctions Design and Implementation" (occasional paper, Royal United Services Institute, July 2017).
Any effort to introduce general exemptions after the original sanctions design would require renewed consensus, and such a process runs the risk of potentially undoing the complex series of bargains that guaranteed consensus in the first place.
Thus, without direct UK input and influence on EU sanctions design and with the European Union losing access to the sanctions leverage represented by London's role as a leading global financial center, the post-Brexit era could see a shifting in priorities within the European Union as relates to sanctions.
Sanctions designed to curb its nuclear programme make it especially vulnerable.
To do this, Dr. Khan overcame American sanctions designed to prevent Pakistan from obtaining a nuclear bomb.
The US responded by expanding sanctions designed to cut off funds to the regime's elite.
