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Such variable results may be related to inadequate sampling of sputum (difficulty of elderly patients to produce enough sputum), delayed processing of sputum specimens, and prior antimicrobial therapy (which occurs in 50%% of the patients in the present study) [ 31].
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The rats learn to recognise the presence of TB in samples of sputum, mucus that is coughed up from the patient's lower airways, and rewarded when they succeed.
Possible TB sufferers provide samples of sputum, which are then handed over to the rats to sniff out.
The standard method of diagnosis is a microscopic hunt in a sample of sputum for the bacteria that cause the disease.
Instead, a laboratory technician must take a sample of sputum coughed up from the lungs, stain it and inspect it under a microscope for the telltale bacteria, which resemble long-grain rice.
After 3 weeks of treatment, three consecutive samples of sputum smear microscopy were negative.
The assay successfully detected M. tuberculosis and M. bovis not only in pure bacterial culture but also in clinical samples of sputum, pleural fluid and blood.
From a sample of sputum it can detect whether a sample contains TB and whether it is is resistant to one of the key drugs, rifampicin, in about three hours.
DNA and RNA were also extracted directly from the same sample of sputum.
Valid samples of sputum growing a predominant microorganism were considered for a probable bacteriological diagnosis [ 17].
Samples of sputum were swabbed onto Whatman FTA® Elute cards and allowed to air dry.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com