where with I o being the peak intensity at the focal point and where L is the sample length and, where ω o is the beam waist and λ is the wavelength of the exciting light.
where Ω is the sample space, F is σ-algebras of subsets of the sample space and P is the probability measure on F, E is the expectation operator.
Given a probability space ( Ω, F, P ), where Ω is the sample space, F is the σ algebra of subsets of the sample space and P is the probability measure on F.
Given a complete probability space ( Ω, F, P ) with a natural filtration { F t } t ⩾ 0, where Ω is a sample space, ℱ is σ-algebra of a subset of the sample space, and ℙ is the probability measure defined on ℱ.
In this paper, ((Omega,Upsilon,P)) denotes the probability space, where Ω is the sample space, ϒ is σ- algebra of a subset of the sample space, and P is the probability measure defined on ϒ.
where ω is a sample point.
where Ω is the sampling set.
where ω(n) can be considered as the samples of the i.i.d white noise ω c (t) with a zero mean and a variance of δ 2 2 M + 1.
Thus, the beam pattern switching rate of the BSA should be a multiple of the OFDM sampling rate and the number of receiving beam patterns as f SW=Ω M R f S, where Ω denotes an oversampling factor.
In this model, three separate ω ratios were estimated in the given convergent clade; 'category 0', denoted ω0, for sites under purifying selection where 0 < ω < 1; 'category 1', denoted ω1, for sites evolving neutrally, where ω≡ 1; and 'category 2', denoted ω2, for sites under diversifying selection, in which ω is free to take values >1.
