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The relative level of expression, normalised to the endogenous control and relative to the positive control, was then calculated by the formula 2−ΔΔ C T. The level of gene expression of the positive control was assigned an arbitrary expression value of 1 and levels of gene expression in the samples were expressed as percentages of the positive control level.
AP activity, AP staining intensity, and gene expression values in JIA and control samples were expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR) and compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test and Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing.
Enzyme activities of all the samples were expressed as U · l−1.
The results of samples were expressed as mg of rutin equivalents of total dried fractions.
The results of samples were expressed as mg of rutin equivalents of total extractable compounds.
Total phenolic contents of the samples were expressed in terms of Gallic acid equivalent (mg/L and or mg/g).
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Upon arrival to shore, all samples were express-shipped to the USGS Mercury Research Laboratory in Madison WI.
The agreement between qRT-PCR and microarrays in expression profiles across samples is expressed as Pearson correlation coefficient.
The organic carbon richness of the rock samples is expressed by the weight percent of total organic carbon content (TOC wt%).
The overall trend line for all of samples is expressed by the linear regression equation: ( {text{d}} = - 1.86,delta^{18} {text{O}} + 10.56 permille ) (R2 = 0.44).
The total content of phenols in samples was expressed in equivalents of GA (mg) in a gram of dried plant material.
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