Due to heterogeneity in silent (synonymous and noncoding) diversity among genes, total pairwise diversity in the three northern samples was divided by pairwise diversity within the southern sample (FP) to standardize among genes and examine patterns along the chromosome.
Since species richness is strongly affected by the sample size, to standardize the values of diversity estimated for each benthic component using different sampling efforts, the expected number of species for a theoretical sample of 100 specimens (ES 100)) was selected.
We also used Monte Carlo re-sampling (in ESTIMATES) to standardize samples at the site level at the lowest common individual sampling value (n = 10) to make unbiased comparisons across sites and regions.
A universal primer was used for quantification of total bacteria (Table 1) for each ruminal sample individually, to standardize the amount of DNA added to the reactions, following the same qPCR conditions describe above.
While the recovery rate can be assumed less than optimal with 1 μL/min, the decision on the flow rate was made based on the need for short (10-minute) collection time per sample and to standardized sample collection intra- and inter-individually.
The following seven standardized sample collection forms were developed to standardize sampling procedures: sample collection forms for swimming pools, water distribution systems, bottled-water plants, seacoasts, water distribution systems (Legionella spp. detection), cooling towers (Legionella spp. detection), and decorative fountains (Legionella spp. detection).
In the second step, the model estimates were used to remove the variability in biomarker concentrations due to sampling conditions and to standardize concentrations as if all samples had been collected under the same conditions (e.g., same hour of urine collection).
Their blood samples were used to standardize the assay protocols and as unexposed controls.
Three more samples were used to standardize the concentrations to test each of the bioactive compounds and TX.
Three samples were used to standardize and optimize the preparation of precision-cut breast tumor slices, and, from these, explants of a defined size and thickness (4 mm in diameter and 250 300 μm thick) were obtained for ex vivo culture under controlled conditions.
