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If the score is 0.05 or higher (69% of test samples), the likelihood is still 89.1%.
If the highest similarity score for a cancer type is 0.1 or above (50% of test samples), the likelihood of the prediction being correct is 96.8%.
To obtain a more accurate estimate of parameter errors for small samples, the likelihood was maximised for 1000 bootstrapped samples, in which individuals were sampled from the dataset with replacement; see e.g. [ 33].
Thus, for two genes that are not mutated in the same samples, the likelihood ratio is 0 whether they each have one mutation, or they both have many mutations.
Using that same rationale, while we found Spinoloricus cinziae in L'Atalante control and L'Atalante lower halocline samples, the likelihood that the same species of Spinoloricus inhabits both the normoxic, normal saline control sediments and thalassohaline lower halocline sediments is low due to substantial differences in the chemistry of bottom waters overlying sediments and pore waters.
For more than two samples, the likelihood function becomes L (N e ) = f ( x 0, x 1, …, x t | N e ) = ∑ p 0, p 1, …, p t [ f (x 0 | p 0 ) f (x 1 | p 1 ) … f (x t | p t ) × f (p t | p t − 1 ) … f (p 1 | p 0, N e ) f (p 0 | N e ) ] (3)(Williamson and Slatkin 1999, equation 6), where p 0, p 1, …, p t are the underlying true allele frequencies and treated as nuisance parameters.
Similar(54)
In this two-period sample, the likelihood of HADS-anxiety and HADS-depression caseness changed for 35.9 and 12.3percentnt of subjects, respectively.
In fact, in the current sample, the likelihood of experiencing marked functional impairment in workers with substantial stress symptoms in the absence of probable PTSD was nearly as elevated as this likelihood for workers with panic disorder alone (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 2.7 4.0).
Of those included in the screening sample, the likelihood of having a screen-detected cancer diagnosed with an 'annual' screening interval prior to 1997 was 2.32 per thousand screens (438 out of 188 709) and for women with a 'biennial' screening interval after 1997 was 3.32 (692 out of 208 7208.
As the same chromosomal regions are identified by more and more independent samples, however, the likelihood that such identification is due to stochastic differences in haplotype frequencies that are unrelated to phenotype declines sharply.
Multiple samples increase the likelihood of identifying VA.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com