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Non-treated samples served as controls.
Non-modified PE samples served as a control.
The exception was elective surgical patients, where preoperative samples served as appropriate controls.
Using e-beam evaporation, Ag/Au (40/50 nm) contact electrodes were deposited on the samples served as Schottky contacts.
Aster yellows (AY) and pota-to witches'-broom (PWB) phytoplasma DNA samples served as controls and were used to study group relatedness.
Where applicable, the questionnaire survey was conducted at the time of the postharvest groundnut sample collection and stakeholders who provided groundnut samples served as key informants in the interview.
We extracted the total RNA from 10 μL or 160 μL of AMV reverse transcriptase (Co. 1), and the total RNA samples served as templates for the reverse transcription reaction; M-MLV reverse transcriptase was used because of its low background.
Tissue from baseline samples served as calibrator.
These samples served as molecular controls to better constrain the degree of contamination.
The normalized data were then subjected to zeroing and normal tissue samples served as the zeroes.
Absorbance values from these samples served as the basis for statistical comparisons.
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