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In adults, S. pneumoniae is the most frequent isolate from clinical samples of respiratory tract infections.
When indicated by clinical suspicion, samples of respiratory, bone marrow and/or tissue were collected.
Samples of respiratory secretions collected by tracheal aspirates of 392 patients were analyzed by Gram stain and culture.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent isolate from clinical samples of respiratory tract infection, including acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia [ 1- 3].
After study inclusion, two samples of respiratory secretion were collected during one course of direct endotracheal aspiration (ventilated patients) or nasopharyngeal tracheal aspiration (non-ventilated patients).
Two samples of respiratory secretions were collected during one course of aspiration and cMD and mPCR testing (Unyvero, Curetis AG, Holzgerlingen, Germany) were performed immediately.
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Inclusion criteria were: Onset of clinical symptoms of pneumonia > 48 h after hospital-admission and sampling of respiratory secretion for microbiological diagnostics under the suspect of pneumonia.
Difficulties exist in the detection of etiologic agents, including M. pneumoniae for lower respiratory tract infections in children (especially younger children) with regard to adequate sampling of respiratory materials for pathogen culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the need for paired blood sampling for serologic tests.
This method opens new opportunities for virus discovery, not only in respiratory samples of undiagnosed respiratory infection, but also in diseases such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Kawasaki disease (KD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS).
All samples of the respiratory tract were examined in immunofluorescence stainings, extra-respiratory tissues were only examined when positive in virus isolation.
Passive surveillance is driven by laboratory submission of samples after outbreaks of respiratory disease, whereas active surveillance is based on purposely collecting and screening field samples regardless of clinical status.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com