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The list of nitrated-PAHs shown in Table 6 were identified in standardized test samples for urban air and diesel exhaust using an improved extraction and cleanup procedure prior to analysis by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
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11 Briefly, primary schools in Norfolk were purposively sampled for urban and rural heterogeneity.
19 20 In the absence of an accessible and accurate population-based sampling frame for urban Aboriginal people, we implemented respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for the Our Health Counts OHCC) study.
They have complex survey design that involves stratification based on the level of urbanization and clustering where villages are the primary sampling unit for rural, and districts/towns are the primary sampling unit for urban areas [3].
Samples were generated for urban contexts, considering topography with slopes and terrain with buildings.
The 100 sampling sites chosen for urban monitoring were distributed on the intersections of a multi-scale grid drawn over the town map.
17 Since the data from this census were the latest, we corrected and used this population survey list (age group 20 90 years) to draw our sample of urban population for the study.
Turning to our results, the coefficient for the second sample of urban areas also witnessed a noticeable drop, but far less than for coastal cities only.
Qualitative sampling was 'purposively' conducted, aiming for a heterogeneous sample of urban hospital doctors (including specialists) who undertook dual practice, to arrive at theoretical saturation as quickly as possible [ 47].
Replicate samples demonstrated that fluorescence intensity is reproducible to ±20% for low fluorescence, 'clean' river water samples and ±5% for urban water and waste waters.
The allocation of this sample size into those for urban and rural areas was done using proportionate allocation method considering their population resulting in a sample size of 280 households for Uwani and 130 households for Amechi-Awkunanaw.
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