Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine differences between the two samples for ranked categories with a non-normal distribution, and Pearson Chi-square tests were used for non-ranked categorical data with more than 2 categories.
Our results suggest that a single urine sample may be adequate for ranking exposure to the precursors of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol among men and, under certain circumstances, among women.
Lastly, our results suggest that, in similar populations, a single spot urine sample may be adequate for ranking exposure to the precursors of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol among men and, under certain circumstances, among women, and that multiple measurements are needed to capture the exposure variability of the other chemicals.
As expected, although the majority of NGT samples have enrichment scores at a significant level, a small portion of IGT or DM2 samples also have enrichment scores at significant levels for some terms, which expand to a larger portion of the samples for lower ranked terms that have relatively higher FDR q-values (Figure 2, Table S2).
Data were then analyzed using SPSS and one sample t-test and Friedman test for ranking.
Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used for count data, two-sample Wilcox-test for ranked data.
Progeny were scored for 18 days from day 0. To determine whether nondisjunction frequencies were different the Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon two sample test for two samples (ranked observations, not paired) were used, and a probability less that 0.05 was scored as significant.
The Q normalization equalizes the distribution of raw counts across samples by ranking the raw counts for each gene in each sample and applying a new mean count for each gene based upon rank.
When samples are ranked for increasing values of b1(Ca2+), or alternatively by discharge values, the statistical investigation of chemical changes reveals interesting features of the analyzed compositions.
SF (total of 32 samples) and serum (total of 20 samples) were ranked for OA severity based on the macroscopic appearance of six cartilage surfaces [ 33], namely the patella, trochlea, and medial and lateral femur and tibia, using the Outerbridge scale [ 34].
