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The overall patient cohort for the study from which the samples for Models 1 and 2 are derived will obviously not change.
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The definition of training data was realised on Kennard-Stone sampling algorithm and we selected 103 samples for model calibration and 100 samples for model validation.
We selected a random subset consisting of 70% of the samples (~500,000 samples) for model input and used the remaining 30% for model evaluation and validation.
When applying the algorithm to a dataset with N samples, the calibration modeling is performed N times, each time using (N-1) samples for modeling and one sample for testing.
However, the null hypothesis was rejected for 61 of 100 bootstrap samples for model 1.
It is of great value to examine the density of these estimates across samples for model diagnostics.
Repeated samples for model validation (e.g., cord/child blood concentrations) were unavailable in other cohorts in this study.
Because using the same data for model testing and validation leads to overfitting and deflates the estimated error rate, we used 10-fold cross-validation on a randomly selected 75% training sample for model training.
Also for validation, we randomly assigned 50% cohort as training sample (for model building) and other 50% as test sample (for model validation).
Thus, the sample for Model 1 includes all respondents in Ontario aged 18 or over.
The sample for model 2 consisted of 14 679 patients from 73 hospitals.
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