Nasal swabs for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to detect EHV-1 and -4 nucleic acid and blood samples for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for EHV-1 and -4 antibodies were collected from all horses on arrival and departure.
Therefore, unlike the previous study, CPORT can achieve sufficient sampling for enzyme complexes in nearly all cases.
Blood samples for serum enzyme assay were collected in gel separator tubes (Becton-Dickinson) and the serum separated by centrifuging at 1000 × g for 10 minutes.
The presence of fungal cells was determined by analysing the air samples for the enzyme N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) as a marker of fungal cell biomass [ 9].
Most women (n = 351) and children (n = 369) provided a blood specimen that was genotyped for PON1 192 and PON1 −108, and a smaller portion of these mothers and children had adequate blood samples for PON1 enzyme measurements (n = 304, 266, and 250 for mothers, umbilical cord, and 2-year-olds, respectively) (Huen et al. 2009a, 2010).
This is analogous to the conformational sampling model for enzyme catalysis, in which the rate of catalysis depends on the probability of achieving a subset of protein conformers that can promote high rate accelerations.
Samples for liver enzymes were taken, and sorbitol and lactate clearances performed at points A, B, and D. Following completion of the experiment, a liver biopsy for study of mitochondrial function was taken.
Incubations were made in an orbital shaker (Innova 44R Stackable Incubator Shaker, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) for up to 120 h at 45 °C and 250 rpm and samples withdrawn daily for enzyme activity and protein quantifications.
Quenched samples were assayed for enzyme activity.
Samples were prepared for enzyme analyses as described (Curry et al., 2012).
