A kinematic and thermodynamic model is developed to describe the twin-related length change of the micro-compression sample at small strains as well as the relationship of an increase of twin width with increasing γ-TiAl lamella thickness.
In our experiments, after obtaining an image of the sample at small applied forces in scan sizes of 300 to –400 nm, the tip was positioned within the center of a given complex by zooming in with progressively smaller scan sizes (generally 2), arriving at a sample location with the complex of interest in the center of a scan size of ∼80 nm.
The positive association was also clear when excluding the two trematode species least adequately sampled at small sizes, 'renc' and 'stic' (species as data points: r = 0.90, P = 0.0035, n = 8; independent contrasts: r = 0.85, P = 0.014, n = 7; regression through the origin: t6 = 4.0, P = 0.0074).
However, this strategy may be inadequate for gene products expressed in very small samples at low levels, such as Ki-67 in prostate carcinoma.
Sampling at smaller abattoirs declined as total samples reduced: the number of abattoirs collecting over 10 samples was 45 and 47 in 2002 and 2003, but only 17 and 15 in 2004 and 2005.
It is difficult to discriminate between a biological phenomenon and larger error associated with sampling at smaller scales as the cause of this discrepancy, but worth noting that the same trend is seen in human chimpanzee regressions (Auton et al. 2012).
The case was similar upon exclusion of the two trematode species, 'stic' and 'renc', least adequately sampled at smaller sizes (species as data points: r = -0.84, P = 0.010, n = 8; independent contrasts: r = -0.78, P = 0.040, n = 7; regression through the origin: t6 = 3.1, P = 0.021).
The thickness values determined from the TiN thin film reflections are very unreliable, due to high sensitivity of the measurements to disturbing instrumental and sample effects at small angles.
We assessed the importance of predation in determining edge effects in seagrass using two approaches: a video survey to sample predators at small scales across seagrass edges, and a tethering experiment to determine if predation was an underlying mechanism causing edge effects.
However, biopsy samples taken at smaller clinics and by private physicians are usually sent out for histological analysis.
