Taps were operated or run for at least 5 min prior to sampling to ensure collection of a representative sample (temperature and electrical conductivity were monitored to verify this).
The analysis of sediment core samples and the electrical resistivity imaging of the wetland basin indicated a large mass (ca. 107 kg) of subsurface sulphate, most of which is in the form of gypsum.
Immediately after sampling, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in the field using a portable pH meter.
The sample dimensions and electrical resistivity were measured after isochronal annealing at 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 °C.
The characteristics of soil samples including pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were tested according to BS 1377: Part 3 (1990).
Immediately after sampling, temperature, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in the field using a multi-parameter WTW (P3 MultiLine pH/LF-SET).
Moreover, superhydrophobic layers were obtained for all the samples and the final electrical performances of the whole fuel cell system were improved with respect to the ones reached with PTFE-based samples.
To prepare the samples for the nanostructural and electrical measurements, Si NWs were scraped off the Si substrate, and then the scraped powers were ultrasonically dispersed in ethanol.
From volume resistivity and geometry of the sample, the actual sample electrical resistances (R sample) were calculated using the equation where t is the thickness, A is the cross sectional area, ρ is the volume resistivity of the sample.
For the fabricated samples, their electrical and photoresponse properties were investigated under the dark state and the illumination at wavelength of ~380 nm, respectively.
