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The sampled value of the transmission time error caused by the electronic transformer (ECT) signal processing channel and Ethernet communication channel is analyzed.
A novel structure is adopted for these controllers where the dynamics of the controller is affected by the continuous-time state vector and the sampled value of this vector.
First, the upper and lower fuzzy thresholds are designed, and then the sampled value of the process variable is transformed into a piece of alarm evidence to measure the degrees of uncertainty about whether an alarm should be triggered or not by the sampled value.
x n represents the sampled value of the buffer state.
where is the in-phase or the quadrature component of the received CR pilot symbol; under and under, where is a zero mean Gaussian random variable with variance [8] and is the sampled value of the PU signal.
If the power supply voltage is a known constant (3 V for TelosB/ZiNT nodes), the energy consumption can be obtained by accumulating the product of the voltage, the elapsed time and the sampled value of power supply current.
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And the red arrows denote the sampled wave form, or the train of impulses, whose amplitudes are the sampled values of the original continuous time signal.
Based on the indexes of the random numbers, the sampled values of speech signals are permuted.
where and are the sampled values of the original and reconstructed signals.
Now let a vector represent the sampled values of a channel quality for user in group.
Solid circles are points at which we sampled values of coda Q shown in Figure 3.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com