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We will purposively sample with reference to gender, cancer diagnosis, stage of disease and anticipated prognosis.
To allow comparison between samples in relation to various parameters, Z-scores were calculated for each sample with reference to each TSG, mean of all TSGs, and LINE1 in the following way: (mean CpG methylation density for each sample – mean methylation density for that promoter in the tumor panel)/ s.d. of that methylation density.
AGA = Appropriate for gestational age; SGA = Small for gestational age; p value determined using the unpaired t test; HC = Head circumference The mean and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Z scores of weight, length and head circumference for the study sample with reference to the WHO-CGS are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. Error bars signify the 95% confidence interval of the sample mean.
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The normalised log data of fluorescence ratio (Cy5 to Cy3), which was quantified for each gene to reflect the relative abundance of gene in each experimental sample compared with reference sample, were deposited in GEO.
DIF and DBF results were validated by multiple rounds of sampling with reference and focal groups.
The spatial analysis of fluoride contamination in groundwater samples with reference to geomorphology is shown in Fig. 4.
In detecting ILTV, the LAMP assay detected all 5 strains previously isolated, did not cross-react with other avian pathogens, and obtained a 100% sensitivity in 43 positive clinical samples with reference to virus isolation.
Signals were assigned to P compounds based on the literature after standardizing the orthophosphate peak to 6 ppm [25, 33] and by spiking selected samples with reference compounds (β-glycerophosphate, P choline and myo-IHP; [25]).
Antibacterial activity of honey samples with reference to phenol was determined as described by Allen et al. [9].
The use of principal component analysis provides a third way to compare the position of unknown samples with reference data.
To investigate the relationship between DNA methylation and tumor progression, we analyzed the methylation index (MI) of the samples with reference to clinical-pathological parameters.
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