J x is the Jones matrix of the PCCs in the reference (ref), source (src), sample (samp) or detector (det) arms of the interferometer, and J s is the Jones matrix of a birefringent sample with double-pass retardance η and optic axis θ.
For seed germination test, water was extracted from the samples by shaking fresh samples with double distilled water (DDW) at solids: DDW = 1 10 (w/v) for 1 h, then suspensions were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 20 min before filtering through Whatman No-1 filter paper.
Immunohistochemical procedures were performed on selected samples with double staining to evaluate the cell types infected by HHV-8.
Samples with double labeling were imaged by a confocal fluorescence microscope (Olympus), with FITC signal excited by 488 nm laser and Cy3 signal excited by 543 nm laser.
These findings confirm that the samples with double seropositivity are not artifacts, but represent true results.
The samples with double or triple mutations have been further confirmed by independent DNA sequencing lab (data not shown).
Three sets of serum samples were obtained from all CCHF-suspected patients by venipuncture at admission and serum sampling with double sets was continued daily for 6 days (7 days in total).
Efforts to confirm the presence of more than one genotype (for samples with double peaks) in the sputum sample by 15 MIRU-VNTR were futile since none of the alleles was amplifiable.
All samples were tested at three different rotation angles (0°, 120°, and 240°) with respect to the vertical axis to minimize effects due to misalignment.[ 18, 21] Figure 5a shows a schematic of samples with double mushrooms and their geometrical features.
