Further research incorporating population representative samples while controlling for other factors that may be confounders is needed.
To evaluate the impact of the HOME intervention on sexual risk behavior, we compared frequencies of UPI at follow-up across the comparison and intervention samples while controlling for pre-incarceration rates of UPI.
After detecting significant differences among species in the proportion of one SFA (16:0) and one PUFA (20 4n−6), we performed a partial correlation (using the function pcor.test in R) to determine if there was a significant relationship between the proportions of these two fatty acids across samples while controlling for species.
Control primers, specific to an intronic sequence, confirmed the absence of genomic DNA contamination in the cDNA sample, while control primers, specific for a cDNA sequence known to be expressed (the housekeeping gene, HPRT), gave a strongly positive band.
Aggregated SPTs, due to their cross-over design, reduce the required sample size while controlling for confounding.
For song rate and beak colour, we chose to use BLUPs as a means of averaging across unequal sample sizes while controlling for fixed effects.
As shown in Figure 6A and 6B, we observed robust complex formation with labeled probes corresponding to the GATA binding sites in both the UP1B and UP2 promoter sequences of RA-treated samples, while control nuclear extracts showed negligible binding.
ALP-positive osteoblasts and TRAP-reactive osteoclasts were abundant at the subchondral bone in arthritic samples, while control ones depicted fewer osteoclasts and weakly-stained ALP-positive osteoblasts, suggesting stimulated bone turnover in the arthritic group.
To use probabilistic tractography, we estimated the diffusion parameters using a sampling technique, while controlling for crossing fibers using a dual-fiber model (bedpostX; FSL 4.1.4; Behrens et al. 2007).
Regional GM concentration was compared using a two sample t-tests, while controlling for global GM mean voxel values to remove variance due to differences in brain tissue size.
