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Predicted outcomes in a sample validation study were computed by CPR distribution patterns ("derivation model").
Using simulated IPD with dummy variables, we fitted a CPR-based LR model with its coefficients from the derivation study to data from sample validation study.
The application of coefficients from this regression model to a sample validation study produced virtually identical predicted values of stroke across the three risk strata of ABCD score (low, 0 3; intermediate, 4 5; high, 6 7 points).
29, 30– 31 The first objective was to employ the frequency distribution of the observed outcomes in the derivation study and to apply it to predict the outcomes in a sample validation study.
We created dummy variables and applied univariate, CPR-based logistic regression (LR) model and its coefficients from the derivation study to a sample validation study thus producing virtually identical predicted values as obtained by our new method.
Respectively, outcome distributions in derivation and validation studies of the CRB-65 rule are presented in Figure A2.1 and Table A2.1A (Supplementary materials) while the results from the application of the new approach to compute predicted deaths in sample validation study 35 are presented in Tables A2.1B C (Supplementary materials).
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Figure 1 presents the number of responses for each WDQ-G question of the pre-study survey sample and the validation study sample.
In their first study [ 3], serum samples from breast cancer patients were collected during a longer time interval than the control samples, whereas samples in the validation study [ 4] were all collected within the same 2-year window.
Difference for time needed to fill in the questionnaire between pre-study sample (13.7 minutes) and the validation study sample (6.7 minutes) could be explained by the additional task assigned to the pre-study sample to also evaluate the WDQ-G's clarity and comprehensiveness, whereas inpatients in the validation study sample only had to fill in the questionnaire.
However there are no criteria for how many hypotheses should be defined, how specific these hypotheses should be, the extent to which these hypotheses should be confirmed for good validity, or characteristics, representativity and the size of the sample for a validation study.
The sample for the validation study was drawn from two primary schools, based on resource availability.
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