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DNA will be extracted from the stool sample using previously developed techniques [ 36, 37].
Activities were normalized to protein in the sample using previously described spectrophotometric dye binding methods [ 44].
Total plasma tryptophan levels were determined from each blood sample using previously described methods (Keating et al., 1993).
PAM50 subtypes (including the CL classification) were assigned to each sample using previously published methodology [ 36, 55– 55].
Genotypes for the two polymorphisms – Ins16bp and Arg72Pro – were determined for each sample using previously described methodology (Osorio et al, 2006).
The 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used as an endogenous control to normalise for differences in the amount of total RNA in each sample, using previously validated procedures (Wall and Edwards, 2002).
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Solid-phase enzyme microplate immunoassay methods were used to measure the IgG and IgM class antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 in blood samples using previously described methods (Yolken et al. 2001).
DRD4 VNTR status was assessed retrospectively via buccal samples using previously established protocols.
We examined PTPRR gene expression in prostate cancer clinical samples using previously published datasets that are publically available.
It would not have been possible to study such small, easily obtained biological samples using previously published N-ChIP procedures.
The diagnosis of the A3243G mtDNA mutation was established with DNA testing of peripheral blood samples using previously described techniques.
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